General Properties and structure of Viruses (With symmetry)

-


 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Terminologies in microscopy

-
Image
  TERMINOLOGIES IN MICROSCOPY 1.       Reflection: when a beam of light strikes the smooth surface of a non-transparent material (e.g., the Polished surface of a mirror), it is bounced back, i.e., reflected. The return of light or sound waves from a surface.   2.      Refraction: when a beam of light strikes a smooth interface separating two transparent media (e.g. air and glass; air and water; glass and water), it is partly reflected and partly transmitted, i.e., refracted, into the second medium.                      Reflection and refraction of light would help us in understanding the principles of microscopy. 3.       Lens:             A lens is an optical system with two refracting surfaces. There are two categories of lenses Ø             Convergin...
Read more

Industrial Microbiology - Strain Improvement strategies

-
Image
  STRAIN DEVELOPMENT FOR INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY “Strain improvement is defined as improving the production and yielding capacity of a microorganism through the microbiological, biotechnological, or biochemical process” . Need for strain improvement: Microbes (fungi, bacteria, actinomyces) that live freely in soil or water and produce novel compounds of commercial interest, when isolated from their natural surroundings, are not ideal for industrial use. Wild strains need to make the product of commercial interest at higher yields to be economically viable. Microbial strain improvement requires alteration and reprogramming of the DNA (or the genes) in a desired fashion to shift or bypass the regulatory controls and checkpoints. Features of Improved strains 1. Ability to utilize inexpensive and complex raw materials efficiently. 2. Elimination of the production of compounds that may interfere with downstream processing 3. Increased productivity 4. Provide cellular morphology suitabl...
Read more

Hepatitis A virus

-
Image
  1.      HEPATITIS A VIRUS ·        HAV causes infectious hepatitis ·        Spread by the fecal-oral route . ·        Result from consumption of contaminated water, shellfish, or other food. ·        Picornavirus - a new genus Hepa rna virus ·        Long incubation period - 15 to 40 days . Mode of Transmission ·        Sure, here are the rephrased sentences: ·        Contaminated water, food, and unclean hands are common means of virus transmission. ·        The virus is excreted in significant quantities through feces and is primarily disseminated through the fecal-oral route. ·        Shellfish, particularly clams, oysters, and mussels, serve as significant sources of t...
Read more